According to data from the Copernicus Ocean Monitoring Agency, the recent global average sea surface temperature has surpassed 21.0°C, setting a record high for this time of year since records began. The combination of El Niño and greenhouse gas emissions is the primary cause. The abnormal warming of seawater is accelerating ocean acidification, further exacerbating large-scale coral bleaching worldwide. At the same time, rising coastal water temperatures are speeding up the decomposition of pollutants from sewage and fertilizers, doubling the toxicity of these substances. The frequency of red tide outbreaks in North America and the Mediterranean has increased significantly, while the habitats of cetaceans and fish continue to shrink.

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